Visualisation and mirror therapy

Graded Motor Imagery (GMI) is presented as a gradual approach to reducing pain by retraining how the brain processes movement. It is especially relevant for people with constant pain, pain triggered by thinking about movement, pain when watching others move, or a sense that a limb no longer feels like part of the body. The main methods include left/right discrimination, imagined movement, observing movement, and mirror therapy. Learners are shown how these techniques can separate movement from threat, making activity feel safer and more tolerable. A clinical case of long-standing shoulder pain illustrates how identifying body images, imagining movement, and mirror exercises can change pain responses. Practical guidance is also covered, including use of the Recognize app, suggested accuracy and speed targets, frequent daily practice, and ways to adjust the environment or context to make exercises easier or more challenging. The explanation also notes that GMI is not always enough on its own, since ongoing nociceptive input or other physical problems may need treatment alongside it. Patience, repetition, and gradual progression are emphasized throughout.