Why all physios should have knowledge of women's health: Theory

This lecture explains why all physiotherapists need a working knowledge of women’s health, even outside specialist practice. It defines the area broadly, while clarifying that the focus here is on anatomy, physiology, and conditions affecting people assigned female at birth. Key topics include hormonal influences on muscles, tendons, bones, and injury risk; the effects of the menstrual cycle on strength, joint laxity, symptoms, and sports participation; and relative energy deficiency in sport. It also covers structural differences such as pelvic anatomy and how these affect biomechanics across the lower limb. A major section examines pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal recovery, including pelvic floor trauma, perineal tears, cesarean-related issues, and the longer-than-expected timelines for tissue healing. Long-term consequences such as incontinence, back pain, pelvic organ prolapse, and chronic pelvic pain are highlighted, along with the musculoskeletal effects of menopause and reduced estrogen. The lecture also stresses pelvic floor function, the high prevalence of dysfunction in both general and athletic populations, and the importance of biopsychosocial, patient-centered care that accounts for social roles, caregiving, and rehabilitation demands.