Pain during intercourse

Pelvic pain and pain during intercourse are presented as common but often difficult issues to discuss, affecting both women and men. The explanation begins by defining dyspareunia and reviewing modern pain science, emphasizing that pain does not always reflect tissue damage. Learners are guided through why sexual pain can feel especially distressing, including stigma, fear of serious illness, fertility concerns, relationship factors, and social or religious influences. The main focus is how physiotherapy can help. Key assessment points include asking where the pain occurs, when it started, what activities trigger it, and what the person’s goals are. The approach highlights education about anatomy, arousal, and pain, along with helping patients understand safety and reduce fear. Treatment may involve improving pelvic floor muscle function, flexibility, tissue tolerance, and movement in related areas such as the hips and back. Gradual exposure strategies, including vaginal dilators or trainers, are also covered. The summary also stresses symptom management planning, follow-up, and referral to physicians, counselors, or mental health professionals when needed, reflecting a biopsychosocial and individualized model of care.