Pain types

Pain classification is the main focus here, with emphasis on distinguishing nociceptive pain from nociplastic pain and understanding how that affects assessment and treatment. Using the International Association for the Study of Pain framework, pain is divided into nociceptive, neuropathic, nociplastic, or mixed types, but the discussion concentrates on nociceptive and nociplastic pain. Nociplastic pain is explained as pain arising from altered nociception without clear tissue damage or a somatosensory lesion. Learners are guided through the clinical challenge of identifying it by ruling out nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms and looking for signs such as disproportionate pain, diffuse or widespread symptoms, constant or unpredictable pain, and strong psychosocial influences. The summary then returns to a case of a 62-year-old woman with chronic low back pain, multiple comorbidities, hypersensitivity, fear avoidance, catastrophizing, and recent life stressors. Her presentation is used to show how pain mechanisms shape management. Expected treatment directions include movement retraining, addressing beliefs and fear, considering psychological support, and involving medical input when broader comorbidities and central mechanisms appear to be contributing.