An individualised self-management approach

Individualized self-management for persistent musculoskeletal disorders is presented as an alternative or complement to traditional group-based programs, which often have low participation and limited long-term support. The main idea is to embed self-management within routine one-to-one care, so patients receive guidance, follow-up, and a stronger therapeutic alliance instead of being left to manage alone after a short program. The approach emphasizes that self-management should be tailored to each person rather than delivered as a standard package. Learners can expect an overview of how physical therapists can collaborate with patients to set goals, identify barriers, develop action plans, and choose active strategies such as exercise, pacing, relaxation, and problem solving. The importance of shared decision-making, self-efficacy, empowerment, and a biopsychosocial perspective is highlighted throughout. It also explains which barriers and enablers affect adherence, including motivation, distress, family or workplace support, and confidence. Practical guidance is included on communication, SMART goals, self-monitoring, follow-up, and adapting care to patient preferences, characteristics, and readiness for long-term self-management.